Regurgitation
Regurgitation is when stomach contents are expelled into the mouth, often during CPR or unconsciousness, and can block the airway.
Regurgitation is the passive flow of stomach contents back up into the mouth or throat. In a first aid setting, this can occur when a person is unconscious or during CPR due to pressure on the stomach. It is a medical emergency because the expelled contents can block the airway or be inhaled into the lungs, leading to choking or aspiration pneumonia.
When regurgitation occurs during resuscitation, the primary concern is to maintain a clear airway. First aid responders should immediately roll the person onto their side (recovery position if breathing, or lateral position if CPR is needed), allowing the contents to drain from the mouth. Visible material should be cleared quickly with gloved fingers if safe to do so.
After managing the regurgitation, reassess the person's airway and breathing. If CPR is still required, reposition the person onto their back, open the airway using appropriate techniques (head tilt–chin lift or jaw thrust if spinal injury is suspected), and resume compressions and rescue breaths as necessary.
Understanding how to manage regurgitation is essential in first aid, especially during cardiac arrest or unconsciousness. Prompt and calm action can help prevent further complications and increase the chance of survival until emergency services arrive.
Vomit or stomach contents in the mouth
Gagging or choking sounds
Obstructed breathing
Coughing or gasping
Unconsciousness with fluid in the airway
Turn the person onto their side to clear the airway.
Use a gloved finger to sweep out visible vomit.
Reposition the person and reassess breathing.
Resume CPR if needed, starting with airway management.
Regurgitation occurs when stomach contents flow back up into the mouth, often during unconsciousness or CPR. It poses a risk of airway obstruction or aspiration.